Dementia
A general term for brain changes that interfere with memory, thinking, communication, behavior, or daily function. Dementia has many possible causes, including Alzheimer’s disease.
Plain-language glossary
Dementia care words, explained simply.
Use this page when an article, doctor, hospital, or care plan uses a word that feels confusing.
Alzheimer’s disease
A common cause of dementia. It usually affects memory first, then thinking, language, behavior, and daily independence over time.
Delirium
A sudden change in attention, alertness, or confusion that can be caused by infection, dehydration, pain, medication changes, hospitalization, or other medical problems.
Sundowning
A pattern where confusion, restlessness, anxiety, or agitation gets worse later in the day or evening.
Hallucination
Seeing, hearing, or sensing something that other people do not perceive.
Delusion
A fixed belief that is not based in reality, such as believing someone stole an item that was misplaced.
Anosognosia
A lack of awareness of one’s own illness or limitations. In dementia, this can make a person believe they do not need help.
Wandering
Walking or leaving a safe area without a clear plan or ability to return safely. It can create safety risks for families and care teams.
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing. In dementia care, it can raise concerns about choking, food pocketing, aspiration, and nutrition.
Respite care
Temporary support that gives family caregivers time to rest, attend appointments, work, or recover.
Care navigator
A person who helps families coordinate care, understand next steps, and connect with medical, social, and community resources.
GUIDE Model
A Medicare dementia-care model designed to support eligible people living with dementia and their caregivers through care coordination, education, and support.